The New School for Social Research (Grantee 1936–1958) was founded in New York City in 1919 by a group of progressive academics committed to free inquiry and adult education. At the time the Assistance Fund began supporting the New School in 1936, the institution was also home to the University in Exile — an academic home for scholars fleeing Nazism in Europe. The fund’s commitment to supporting refugees and émigrés continued into the 1950s, when it also supported the American Council for Émigrés in the Professions, which helped professional refugees find employment and rebuild their careers in the United States. The University in Exile program helped place 184 scholars at academic positions at the New School and other universities across the country and is now known as the New University in Exile Consortium, which currently hosts nearly 300 exiled scholars from 29 countries.