Three interconnected legal organizations take civil rights battles into the courts of the Deep South.

As the movement grew, so did the volume of legal work required to protect demonstrators, challenge discriminatory laws, and press for enforcement of federal protections. Norman supported three interconnected legal organizations:

  • NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund (Norman grantee 1958–1986): LDF provided representation to the movement’s frontline activists and pursued school desegregation cases across the South in the years following Brown v. Board of Education.
  • Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee (Norman grantee 1964–1966): LCDC deployed attorneys to the Deep South to defend civil rights activists during Freedom Summer and challenged unconstitutional practices in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
  • Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (Norman grantee 1964–1969): LSCRRC placed law students in civil rights and anti-poverty legal organizations, building the next generation of public interest lawyers. A 1968 Norman grant supported a landmark conference at Emory University on civil rights in urban areas, and a 1969 grant funded summer internships for Black students entering Southern law schools.