The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE, Norman grantee 1961–1966) launched the Freedom Rides in May 1961, sending interracial groups of primarily college student activists onto interstate buses to challenge the Supreme Court’s ruling in Boynton v. Virginia that segregation in…
Recognizing the urgency and complexity of the civil rights moment, Norman established a Civil Rights Committee to advise the Executive Committee on providing financial assistance to civil rights organizations. The committee consisted of Dorothy Norman, Andrew Norman, Frank Weil, and…
The Board made two significant decisions that would shape Norman’s grantmaking for decades to come. First, it approved the allocation of a portion of the grants budget specifically for new organizations and underfunded issues — a deliberate effort to expand…