By 1978, for the first time in history, more women were employed in the paid workforce than were working exclusively in the home. Most were working out of necessity, as 43 percent of all women who worked were the sole…
The Tribal Sovereignty Project (TSP, Norman grantee 1977–1994) was founded in 1977 following the White Roots of Peace Caravan, a cross-country cultural and political gathering of Indigenous leaders. Founded in the era of the American Indian Movement, the Tribal Sovereignty…
Between 1910 and 1970, Black Americans lost approximately 9 million acres of farmland in the South — a staggering transfer of wealth driven not by market forces alone but by tax sales, predatory legal maneuvers, discriminatory USDA lending, and the…
Across the South in the 1970s, a consistent and well-documented pattern had taken hold in cities and counties: local governments provided dramatically inferior public services — paved roads, streetlights, sewage systems, garbage collection — to Black neighborhoods compared to white…
The Scholarship, Education and Defense Fund for Racial Equality (SEDFRE, Norman grantee 1966–1976) was founded in 1963 to provide legal defense, scholarships, and voter registration support to the Civil Rights Movement. By the early 1970s, the movement’s hard-won legislative victories…